(H/B) INTRODUCTION TO PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Παρουσίαση

Introduction to Phenomenological Research, volume 17 of Martin Heidegger's Gesamtausgabe, contains his first lectures given at Marburg in the winter semester of 1923-1924. In these lectures, Heidegger introduces the notion of phenomenology by tracing it back to Aristotle's treatments of "phainomenon" and "logos". This extensive commentary on Aristotle is an important addition to Heidegger's ongoing interpretations which accompany his thinking during the period leading up to "Being and Time". Additionally, these lectures develop critical differences between Heidegger's phenomenology and that of Descartes and Husserl and elaborate questions of facticity, everydayness, and flight from existence that are central in his later work. Here, Heidegger dismantles the history of ontology and charts a new course for phenomenology by defining and distinguishing his own methods. (From the publisher)

Περιεχόμενα

Translator's Foreword
PRELIMINARY REMARK
The task of the lectures and the passion for questioning genuinely and rightly
PART 1. ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ AND ΛΟΓΟΣ IN ARISTOTLE
AND HUSSERL'S SELF-INTERPRETATION OF PHENOMENOLOGY
1 Elucidation of the expression "phenomenology" by going back to Aristotle
-Clarification of φαινόμενον on the basis of the Aristotelian analysis of perceiving the world by way of seeing [...]
-The Aristotelian determination of λόγος
2 Present-day phenomenology in Husserl's self-interpretation
-Recapitulation of the facts of the matter gathered from the interpretation of Aristotle. Anticipation of the predominance of care about the idea of certainty and evidence over freeing up possibilities of encountering fundamental facts of the matter
-Consciousness as the theme of present-day phenomenology
-The theme of "consciousness" in the Logical Investigations
-The care about already known knowledge, in which consciousness stands
-Husserl's polemic with contemporary philosophy in the essay "Philosophy as Rigorous Science" and the care about already known knowledge at work in it. The general aim of this essay
-Husserl's critique of naturalism
-Clarification of the problems as purification and radicalization of their bias. The care about securing and justifying an absolute scientific status
-Clarification of problems
-Order of the inquiry and clue to the explication of the structure of all experiential connections
-Characteristic factors of care about already known knowledge in Husserl's critique of naturalism: back-flash, falling-prey, pre-constructing, ensnarement, neglect
-Husserl's critique of historicism
-Critique of historicism on the path of the clarification of problems
-Making more precise what care about already known knowledge is
-Disclosing the thematic field of "consciousness" through the care about already known knowledge. Return to the historical, concrete instance of the care
PART 2 RETURN TO DESCARTES AND THE SCHOLASTIC ONTOLOGY THAT DETERMINES HIM
1 Making sense of the return to Descartes by recalling what has been elaborated up to this point
-The hermeneutic situation of the investigations up to this point and of those standing before us
-Becoming free from the discipline and traditional possibilities as a way of becoming free for existence. Investigation as destruction in the ontological investigation of existence
-Return to the genuine being of care about already known knowledge in its primordial past as a return to Descartes
-Destruction as the path of the interpretation of existence. Three tasks for the explication of how, in its being, care about already known knowledge is disclosive. The question of the sense of the truth of knowledge in Descartes
2 Descartes. The how and the what of the being-qua-disclosing of care about knowledge already known
-Determinations of "truth"
-Three possibilities of care about already known knowledge: curiosity, certitude, being binding
3 Descartes' determination of falsum and verum
Preview of the context of the question
The cogito sum, the clara et distincta perceptio, and the task of securing, in keeping with being, the criterion of truth [...]
4 Going back to Scholastic ontology: the verum esse in Thomas Aquinas
5 The care of knowledge in Descartes
6 The character of being of the res cogitans, of consciousness
PART 3 DEMONSTRATING THE NEGLECT OF THE QUESTION OF BEING AS A WAY OF POINTING TO EXISTENCE
1 Misplacing the question of the res cogitans' specific being through care about certainty
2 Descartes' inquiry into res cogitans' being-certain and the lack
of specification of the character of being of consciousness as the thematic field of Husserl's phenomenology
3 Husserl's more primordial neglect of the question of being, opposite the thematic field of phenomenology, and the task of seeing and explicating existence in its being
APPENDIX
Supplements to the lectures from the lecture notes of Helene Weiss and Herbert Marcuse