(P/B) INTRODUCTION TO ETHICAL THEORIES
A PRODECURAL APPROACH - DOUGLAS BIRSCH
DOUGLAS BIRSCH
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Παρουσίαση
In this accessible and enlightening work, Birsch introduces the main ethical theories in Western philosophy using a procedural approach that enables readers to make ethical evaluations of cases and issues. This novel treatment provides a well-rounded overview of each theoretical approach and attempts to refute the widely held opinion that there are no correct solutions to moral problems.
Outstanding features:
- Introduces each theory with a discussion of its philosophical starting point
- Explains the reasoning and conclusions crucial to each theoretical approach
- Discusses each theory's view of moral significance and moral equality
- Develops an ethical procedure based on a theory's moral rules and principles
- Applies the ethical procedure to two relevant cases, arriving at the correct, moral solution for that particular theory
- Presents the strengths and weaknesses of each theory
- Includes review questions and additional assignments for classroom discussions or homework
- Provides a chapter-length discussion of the United Nations' human rights morality. (From the publisher)
Περιεχόμενα
1. Beginning to Think about Ethics
Ethical Questions / Ethical Theories and Moralities / Moral Agents / Moral Significance and Moral Equality / A Shared Ethical Presupposition / A Legitimate, Secular, Rational Morality / Two Contrary View / Conclusion
2. Ethical Relativism
The Starting Point - Humans Are Social Beings / Descriptive Relativism / Ethical Relativism / Moral Significance and Moral Equality / The Ethical Relativist Ethical Procedure / Two Cases for Evaluation / Strengths and Weaknesses of Ethical Relativism / Conclusion
3. Emotivism
The Starting Point: People's Emotional Reactions / Emotivism / Moral Significance and Moral Equality / An Emotivist Ethical Procedure / Two Cases for Evaluation / Strengths and Weaknesses of Emotivism / Conclusion
4. Ethical Egoism
The Starting Point: People Are Self-Interested / Ethical Egoism / Moral Significance and Moral Equality / The Ethical Egoist Ethical Procedure / Two Cases for Evaluation / Strengths and Weaknesses of Ethical Egoism / Conclusion
5. Utilitarianism
The Starting Point: Happiness / Act Utilitarianism / Moral Significance and Moral Equality / Rule Utilitarianism / The Act Utilitarian Ethical Procedure / Two Cases for Evaluation / Strengths and Weaknesses of Act Utilitarianism / Conclusion
6. Immanuel Kant's Theory
The Starting Point: Unconditional Good / Immanuel Kant's Ethical Theory / Moral Significance and Moral Equality / The Kantian Ethical Procedure / Two Cases for Evaluation / Strengths and Weaknesses of Kantian Ethics / Conclusion
7. Moral Rights Theory
The Starting Point: The Intrinsic Value of Persons / Moral Rights / Moral Rights as Claim-Rights / Basic Rights / Who Has Moral Rights? / Justifying Moral Rights / Moral Significance and Moral Equality / The Moral Rights Ethical Procedure / Two Cases for Evaluation / Strengths and Weaknesses of the Moral Rights Ethical Theory / Conclusion
8. Aristotle's Ethical Theory
The Starting Point: The Human Good / Aristotle's Theory / Moral Significance and Moral Equality / The Aristotelian Ethical Procedure / Two Cases for Evaluation / Strengths and Weaknesses of Aristotle's Ethical Theory / Conclusion
9. Feminine and Feminist Ethics
The Starting Point for Feminine Ethics / Carol Gilligan and Feminine Moral Language / Nel Noddings' Ethics of Care / Moral Significance and Moral Equality / An Ethical Procedure Consistent with Noddings' Approach / Two Cases for Evaluation / Strengths and Weaknesses of Noddings' Ethics of Care / Concluding Thoughts on Feminine Ethics / Feminist Ethics / Conclusion
10. The United Nations Human Rights Morality
A Morality with a Difference Source / The United Nations and Its Objectives / The United Nations Charter and Human Rights / The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights / The United Nations Rights as Moral Rights / The Justification of the Universal Declaration's Rights / Human Rights Covenants, Conventions, and Additional Treaties / Effectiveness of the United Nations Morality and the Human Rights Laws / Conclusion
- Appendix One: Cases Used in the Text
- Appendix Two: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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