(P/B) RATIONALITY AND IRRATIONALITY IN ECONOMICS - MAURICE GODELIER
MAURICE GODELIER
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Παρουσίαση
An analysis of social and economic systems and why they appear and disappear throughout history.
This book is the result of a research project begun by the author in 1958 with the aim of answering two questions:
First, what is the rationality of the economic systems that appear and disappear throughout history - in other words, what is their hidden logic and the underlying necessity for them to exist, or to have existed?
Second, what are the conditions for a rational understanding of these systems - in other words, for a fully developed comparative economic science?
The field of investigation opened up by these two questions is vast, touching on the foundations of social reality and on how to understand them. The author, being a Marxist, sought the answers, as he writes, 'not in philosophy or by philosophical means, but in and through examining the knowledge accumulated by the sciences.' The stages of his journey from philosophy to economics and then to anthropology are indicated by the divisions of his book.
Godelier rejects, at the outset, any attempt to tackle the question of rationality or irrationality of economic science and of economic realities from the angle of an a priori idea, a speculative definition of what is rational. Such an approach can yield only, he feels, an ideological result. Rather, he treats the appearance and disappearance of social and economic systems in history as being governed by a necessity 'wholly internal to the concrete structures of social life. (From the publisher)
Περιεχόμενα
Foreword to the English-language edition (1972)
Ι. THE THEME
The Starting Point
The Rationality of Economic Systems:
A Question of Ideology or a Scientific Problem?
Rationality of agents and rationality of systems
A formal and a material definition of the economy
Two ideological answers to the problem: Adam Smith and Oskar Lange
Economic rationality and the rationality of economic science
Subject-matter and theoretical conditions of this inquiry
Capitalist Economic Rationality
The rational entrepreneur
The rational worker
The rational consumer
Rationality of the capitalist system
Perfect competition: equilibrium; Pareto optimum; welfare
The duality theorem and the innocence of mathematics
The role of supply and demand in the Marxist theory of value and prices
Two conceptions of contradiction in 'Capital'
'Necessity and superiority' of socialism: science, ideology, humanism
The fundamental difference between Hegel's dialectic and Marx's
The conceptions of correspondence and of hierarchy of structures
The Distance Covered
II. THE RATIONALITY OF ECONOMIC THEORY
1. Political Economy and Philosophy
Where had Marx got to in 1843?
What Paris gave Marx
The 1844 Manuscripts: is Marx already a Marxist?
The alliance with Engels: The Holy Family
2. The Structures of the Method of 'Capital'
i. The hypothetico-deductive method
The use of assumptions
The deductive operations
ii. The dialectical method
The object of the dialectic
iii. The dialectic as an operational field
Use of the dialectical method in 'Capital'
(1) The study of the process of the circulation of capital
(2) Capital is not a 'thing' at rest but a reality in movement
(3) The specific role of the circuit of productive capital
(4) The basis of the system's dynamic
(5) Relations between economic theory and historical reality
(6) Relations between economic theory and historical science
iv. The external contradiction of capitalism
v. The internal contradiction of capitalism and the fundamental laws of the dynamic of the system
vi. Conclusion. The method of 'Capital' as a synthetic unity of the two methods
The dialectical method
The hypothetico-deductive method
The linking and synthesis of the two methods
Notes on the simplifying assumptions
3. Some Aspects of the Method of 'Capital'
4. The Measurement of Value: a Problem of Optimum Management in a Socialist Economy
5. The Marginalist and the Marxist Theories of Value and Prices: Some Hypotheses
III. THE RATIONALITY OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
The Object and Method of Economic Anthropology
1. The idea of an economic system and analysis of its working
The domain of the 'economic'
The idea of a 'system'
The laws of the functioning of a system
The formal model of a possible economic system
The structures of production
The structures of distribution
The structures of consumption
2. The problem of a 'general theory' and of the right to 'extend' the categories and laws of political economy
3. Towards a renovation of the idea of 'economic rationality'
Index
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